Robert
Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It was one of
the first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moog’s
synthesizers were an important pa Line of musical innovation in rock and jazz
music in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was born in Queens, a borough
of New York City 75 years ago. He became fascinated with electronics as a
teenager, particularly an early electronic music instrument called the
theremin. Moog studied physic and electrical engineering at Queens College and
Columbia University, both in New York City and later received a Ph.D. in
engineering physic Cornel University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still
an undergraduate student, Moog formed his own company to sell theremins and
theremin kits.
Soon
after, Moog began working on a keyboard instrument that could replicate the
sound of any musical instrument electronically. Working with American composer
Herbert Deutsch, Moog introduced the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention
in 1964. The device represented a significant advance over previous electronic
synthesizer because of its use of new semiconductor technology, which
made it smaller
and considerably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it was known, was
soon in demand by musician all over the world.
In
1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter
Carlos (now Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album
Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock groups such as the Beatles and Yes and jazz
musicians such as Herbie Hancock and Chick Corea began incorporating Moog
Synthesizer into their recordings, a trend that increased when the company
introduced the compact and portable Minimoog in 1970. A Moog Synthesizer was
also prominently featured
on the soundtrack to the movie A Clockwork Orange in 1971. Encyclopedia of
World Biography, 2008
1.
The
word “prominently” in paragraph 3 can easily be replaced by ?
A. Significantly
B. Perfectly
C. Accurately
D. Excellently
Jawab :
A. Significantly
2.
The passage
describes theremin as a/an ?
A.
Prototype
of Moog Synthesizer
B.
Initial
electronic music instrument
C.
Musical
instrument to replicate the sound
D. Instrument of electronic tool
Jawab : B. Initial electronic music instrument
3.
The pronoun
“it” paragraph 2 refers to ?
A.
Electronic
synthesizer
B.
A keyboard
instrument
C.
Prototype
of Moog Synthesizer
D.
New semiconductor
technology
Jawab: C. prototype of Moog Synthesizer
4. According to the passage, all of the
following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT ?
A. It was invented by Robert Moog
B. It was first introduced in 1964
C. It initiated new technology
which was smaller and cheaper than previous
D. It was the first synthesizer in
the world
Jawab: D. it was the first
synthesizer in the world
5. The paragraph following the passage most
likely discusses ?
A. Collaboration between The Moog
and other musicians
B. The description of compact and
portable Mini Moog
C. The improvement of Moog
Synthesizer
D. Trend in the music industry
about synthesizer
Jawab: C. the improvement of
Moog Synthesizer
6. The
main idea of paragraph three is?
A. The
Moog’s collaboration in music field
B. The
Moog in the movie soundtrack
C. The
introduction of Minimoog
D. The
collaboration of The Moog with music groups
Jawab: A. the Moog’s
collaboration in music field
Throughout history, people have been the
victim of pickpockets. Today, pick pocketing is the one of the most rapidly
increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in number and developing better
methods to Line practice their skill. Approximately one million Americans lose
money to pickpockets every year, and none is really safe from a skilled
pickpockets. His victims, or ‘marks’ as they are called, can be rich or poor,
young or old.
During the eighteenth century,
pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of people would gather watch
the hanging, which was supposed to be a warning to other pickpockets. However,
in time the practice was discontinued. The reason: while people were
attentively watching the hanging of a pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully
stole the money of spectators.
Police official say that the most
efficient pickpockets come from South America. Many of these expert pickpockets
are trained in special school called ‘Jingle Bell Schools’. A pickpocket’s
graduate from J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy
(mannequin) that has bells inside its pockets.
Even the most well dressed, respectable
person may be a pickpocket. Some of the favorite places of pickpockets are
banks, airports, racetrack, supermarkets, elevators, and train and bus
stations. Oftentimes a pickpocket will work with another pickpockets as his
partner. Another kind of pickpockets works outside or inside bars and
specialize in stealing from women is called a ‘purse snatcher’.
To avoid being the victim of a
pickpocket, it’s important to be very cautious and alert when in the midst of
large gathering of the people.
7. The
best title for the passage would be ?
A. Pickpockets
are well dressed
B. Jingle
Bell Schools
C. Pickpockets
D. The
hanging of pickpockets
Jawab: C. Pickpockets
8. The
hanging of pickpockets were not continued because?
A. They
were large crowd of people
B. It
was against humanity
C. The
police were not at the hanging
D. It
was not effective to stop pick pocketing
Jawab: D. It was not
effective to stop pick pocketing
9. Pick
pocketing is … crime.
A. An
old
B. A
modern
C. A
temporary
D. A
contemporary
Jawab: A. An old
10. The
passage mentions that pickpockets steal in/from the following, except ?
A. Crowded
places
B. The
shops
C. Drunkards
D. Women
Jawab: C. Drunkards
11. South
Americans pickpockets are the most efficient ones because ?
A. They
are well-trained
B. They
are handsome
C. They
are well-dressed
D. They
are respectable
Jawab: A. They are
well-trained
The cause of tooth decay is acid, which
is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes minerals from tooth
enamel, allowing tooth decay to begin; the saliva in your mouth encourages remineralization
and Line neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce
acid depends on the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of the
microbial flora, and whether the bacteria of the plaque have been “primed” by
frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental
hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and
dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria in the mouth and thus
reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces of the teeth more accessible,
enabling saliva to neutralize acid and remineralise lesions. If fluoride is
present in drinking water when teeth are forming, some fluoride is incorporated
into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack by acid.
Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the
remineralization of early carious lesions.
In addition to a regular dental hygiene
program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce your intake of
sweet food. The least cavity- causing way to eat sweets is to have them with
meals and not between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total
amount determines how much harmful acid the bacteria in your saliva produce.
But the amount of sweets influences the quality of your saliva. Avoid, if you
can, sticky sweets that stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to brush and
floss your teeth after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water
is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods with fiber, such as raw carrot
sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc., that scrape off plaque, acting as a
toothbrush. Cavities can be greatly reduced if these rules are followed when
eating sweets.
12. What
does this passage mainly discuss ?
A. Good
nutrition
B. Food
with fiber
C. Ways
to keep your teeth healthy
D. Fluoridization
and cavities
Jawab: C. Ways to keep
your teeth healthy
13. According
to the passage, all of the following statements about plaque are true EXCEPT ?
A. It
consists of acid producing bacteria
B. It
is not affected by eating sweets
C. It
can be removed from teeth by brushing and flossing
D. It
reduces the positive effect of saliva
Jawab: B. It Is not
affected by eating sweets
14. We
can infer from the passage that one benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is ?
A. It
strengthens tooth enamel
B. It
stimulates saliva production
C. It
makes teeth whiter
D. It
Is a replacement for brushing and flossing in dental care
Jawab: A. It strengthens
tooth enamel
15. The
word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ?
A. Dental
floss
B. Bacteria
C. Removal
of plaque
D. Plaque
Jawab: C. Removal of
plaque
16. What
can be concluded from the passage about sweets ?
A. All
sweets should be avoided.
B. Sweets
should be eaten with care.
C. It
is better to eat sweets a little at a time throughout the day.
D. Sticky
sweets are less harmful than other sweets.
Jawab:
B. Sweets should be eaten with care.
17. The
word “scrape off” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ?
A. Repel
B. Rub
together with
C. Remove
D. Dissolve
Jawab: C. Remove
18. According
to the passage, the value of eating foods with fiber is that ?
A. They
contain Vitamin A
B. They
are less expensive than a toothbrush
C. They
are able to remove the plaque from your teeth
D. They
contain no sugar
Jawab: C. They are able
to remove the plaque from your teeth
19. The
author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria
in your saliva increases ?
A. With
the amount of sweets you eat
B. With
the number of times you eat sweets
C. If
you eat sweets with your meals
D. If
you eat sticky sweets
Jawab: B. With the
number of times you eat sweets
Until
recently,mostAmericanentrepreneursweremen. Discrimination against women in
business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had
kept the number of women entrepreneurs Line small. Now, however, businesses
owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this
figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt
Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was
the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the
decade of the woman entrepreneur”.
What are some of the factors behind this
trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter
the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from
most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted,
“In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could
become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen,
so they go out on their own”.
In the past, most women entrepreneurs
worked in “women’s” fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is
changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software
business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife
with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her
first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their
newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under
the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper
software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop
additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It
now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their
own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the
business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance
world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses
owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are
likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
20. What
is the main idea of this passage?
A. Women
today are better educated than in the past, making them more attractive to the
business world.
B. The
computer is especially lucrative for women today.
C. Women
are better at small businesses than men are.
D. Women
today are opening more businesses of their own.
Jawab: D Women today
are opening more businesses of their own.
21. The
word “excluded” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ?
A. Not
permitted in
B. Often
invited to
C. Decorators
of
D. Charged
admission to
Jawab: A. Not permitted
in Keyword
22. All
of the following were mentioned in the passage as detriments to women in the
business world EXCEPT ?
A. Women
were required to stay at home with their families
B. Women
lacked ability to work in business
C. Women
faced discrimination in business
D. Women
were not trained in business
Jawab: B. Women lacked
ability to work in business
23. In
paragraph 2, “that” refers to ?
A. A
woman becomes chairman of the board
B. Women
working hard
C. Women
achieving advanced degrees
D. Women
believing that business is a place for them
Jawab: A. A woman
becomes chairman of the board
24. According
to the passage, Charlotte Taylor believes that women in the 1970s ?
A. Were
unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
B. Were
still more interested in education than business opportunities
C. Had
fewer obstacles in business than they do today
D. Were
unable to work hard enough to succeed in business
Jawab: A. Were
unrealistic about their opportunities in business management
25. The
author mentions the “shoebox under the bed” in the third paragraph in order to
?
A. Show
the frugality of women in business
B. Show
the resourcefulness of sandra kurtzig
C. Point
out that initially the financial resources of sandra kurtzig’s business were
limited
D. Suggest
that the company needed to expand
Jawab: C. Point out
that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzig’s business were
limited
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