This rapid
transcontinental settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the
last half of the 19“’ century were accompanied by the development of a national
literature of great abundance and variety. Line New themes, new forms, new
subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature
of this half century. As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and
substance of American literature had evolved remarkably, just as its center of
production had shifted from Boston to New York In the late 1880s and the
sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer was it produced, at
least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men
from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed,
grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in
its narratives no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and
remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history
the chief acceptable forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was
literature read primarily by young, middle class women. In sum, American
literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt
Whitman called for inl867 in describing Leaves of Grass: It treats, he said of
his own major work, each state and region as peers “and expands from them, and
includes the world … connecting an American citizen with the citizens of all
nations.” At the same time, these years saw the emergence of what has been
designated “the literature of argument,” powerful works in sociology,
philosophy, psychology, many of them impelled by the spirit of exposure and
reform. Just as America learned to play a role in this half century as an
autonomous international political, economic, and military power, so did its
literature establish itself as a producer of major works.
26. The
main idea of this passage is ?
A. That
the new American literature was less provincial than the old
B. That
World War I caused a dramatic change in America
C. That
centers of culture shifted from East to West
D. That
most people were wary of the new literature
Jawab:
A. that the new American literature was less provincial
27. It
can be inferred from lines 1-3 that the previous passage probably discussed ?
A.
The Importance of tradition to writers
B.
New developments in industrialization
and population shifts
C.
The fashions and values of 19th century
America
D.
The limitations of American literature
to this time
Jawab:
B. New developments In Industrialization and population shifts
28. The
word “evolved” is closest in meaning to ?
A. Became
famous
B. Turned
back
C. Diminished
D. Changed
Jawab:
D. Changed
29. The
word “it” refers to ?
A. The
population
B. The
energy
C. American
literature
D. The
manufacturing
Jawab:
C. American literature
30. The
word “exotic” is closest in meaning to ?
A. Urban
B. Unusual
C. Well-known
D. old-fashioned
Jawab
: B. Unusual Keyword Pembahasan
31. The
author uses the word “indeed” for what purpose?
A. To
emphasize the contrast he is making
B. For
variety in a lengthy paragraph
C. To
wind down his argument
D. To
show a favorable attitude to these forms of literature
Jawab:
A. To emphasize the contrast he is making
32. The
phrase “these years” in line 17 refers to ?
A. 1850-1900
B. the
1900s
C. the
early 1800s
D. the
present
Jawab:
A. 1850-1900
33. It
can be inferred from the passage that Walt Whitman ?
A. disliked
urban life
B. was
disapproving of the new literature
C. wrote
Leaves of Grass
D. was
an international diplomat
Jawab:
C. wrote Leaves of Grass Keyword: in describing Leaves of Grass
34. All
of the following can be inferred from the passage about the new literature
EXCEPT ?
A. It
was not highly regarded Internationally
B. It
introduced new american themes, characters, and settings
C. It
brokewithmanyliterarytraditionsofthepast
D. It
spoke to the issue of reform and change
Jawab:
A. It was not highly regarded internationally
35. This
passage would probably be read in which of the following academic courses?
A. European
history
B. American
literature
C. Current
events
D. International
affairs
Jawab:
B. American literature
Until
recently,mostAmericanentrepreneursweremen. Discrimination against women in
business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had
kept the number of women entrepreneurs Line small. Now, however, businesses
owned by women account for more than $40 billion in annual revenues, and this
figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1990s. As Carolyn Doppelt
Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s
was the decade of women entering management, and the 1980s turned out to be the
decade of the woman entrepreneur”.
What are some of the factors behind this
trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter
the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded from
most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted,
“In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard they could
become chairman of the board. Now they’ve found out that isn’t going to happen,
so they go out on their own”.
In the past, most women entrepreneurs
worked in “women’s” fields: cosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is
changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a $22-million-a-year computer software
business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife
with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her
first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their
newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under
the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper
software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop
additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It
now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.
Of course, many women who start their
own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the
business world, especially problems in raising money; the banking and finance
world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses
owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are
likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.
36. In
the third paragraph, the word “this” refers to…
A. Women
becoming entrepreneurs
B. Women
buying cosmetics and clothing
C. Women
working in “women’s fields”
D. Women
staying at home
Jawab:
C. Women working in “women’s fields”
37. The
expression “keep tabs on” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to …
A. Recognize
the appearance of
B. Keep
records of
C. Provide
transportation for
D. Pay
the salaries of
Jawab:
B. Keep records of
38. The
word “hurdles” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by…
A. Fences
B. Obstacles
C. Questions
D. Small
groups
Jawab:
B. Obstacles
39. It
can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that businesses
operated by women are small because ?
A. Women
prefer a small intimate setting
B. Women
can’t deal with money
C. Women
are not able to borrow money easily
D. Many
women fail at large businesses
Jawab:
C. Women are not able to borrow money easily
40. The
author’s attitude about the future of women in busines is ?
A. Skeptical
B. Optimistic
C. Frustrated
D. Negative
Jawab:
B. Optimistic
Scientists do not yet
thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a
substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk,
wheat, and egg, for example. Line rank among the most healthful and widely used
foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly.
At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with
the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few
weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has begun to develop.
Sometimes it’s hard to figure out if you have a food allergy since it can show
up so many different ways.
Your symptoms could be
caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains
mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common
food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate,
oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods
are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven
months.
Breast milk also tends
to be protective. Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine,
phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which
contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled
herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and
prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating
their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin.
Children who are
hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings,
and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green
peppers, peaches, tea, grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin
Feingold, who has written the book Why your Child is 30 Hyperactive. Other
researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.
41. The
topic of this passage is ?
A. Reactions
to foods
B. Food
and nutrition
C. Infants
and allergies
D. A
good diet
Jawab:
A. Reactions to foods
42. According
to the passage, the difficulty in diagnosing allergies to foods is due to ?
A. The
vast number of different foods we eat
B. Lack
of a proper treatment plan
C. The
similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
D. The
use of prepared formula to feed babies
Jawab:
C. The similarity of symptoms of the allergy to other problems
43. The
word “symptoms” in line 8 is closest in meaning to ?
A. Indications
B. Diet
C. Diagnosis
D. Prescriptions
Jawab:
A Indications
44. The
phrase “set off” is closest the meaning ?
A. Relieved
B. Identified
C. Avoided
D. Triggered
Jawab:
D. Triggered
45. What
can be inferred about babies from this passage?
A. They
can eat almost anything.
B. They
should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
C. They
gain little benefit from being breast fed.
D. They
may become hyperactive if fed solid food too early.
Jawab:
B. They should have a carefully restricted diet as infants.
46. The
word “hyperactive” is closest in meaning to ?
A. Overly
active
B. Unusually
low activity
C. Excited
D. Inquisitive
Jawab:
A. Overly active
47. The
author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related
to allergies has to do with the infant’s …
A. Lack
of teeth
B. Poor
metabolism
C. Underdeveloped
intestinal tract
D. Inability
to swallow solid foods
Jawab:
C. Underdeveloped intestinal tract
A curfew is a specific
type of law instituted by those In power. It is one that requires citizens to
be off the streets and out of public places at specified hours.
There are active curfew
laws in some communities in the United States today; these laws are currently
functioning. The existing curfew laws generally refer to minors. These laws
usually indicate the hour when the children must be off the streets and out of
public unless they are with their parents.
Curfew laws have a long
tradition. William of Normandy introduced the custom to the British Isles after
his invasion there in 1066. At curfew time, a bell was rung. The pealing of the
bell indicated that citizens should extinguish any burning fires and clear the
streets for the night. The word curfew actually developed at this time from the
Norman French expression couvre-feu or cover the fire.
48. The
word “minors” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ?
A. Children
B. Communities
C. Public
D. Citizens
Jawab:
A. Children
49. Look
at the word “pealing” in paragraph 3. This word is closest in meaning to which
of the following?
A. Ringing
B. Uncovering
C. Breaking
D. Burning
Jawab:
A. Ringing
50. Citizens
should extinguish any burning fires, (paragraph 3). Word extinguish is closest
in meaning to ?
A. Put
in
B. Put
on
C. Put
off
D. Put
out
Jawab:
D. Put out
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